Fold recognition and molecular modeling of a lectin-like domain in UDP-GalNac:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases

By use of threading methods, the C-terminal region of uridine diphospho-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (ppGalNAc-transferases) was predicted to have the same fold as the lectin-domain of the plant cytotoxins ricin and abrin-a, for which crystal structure are available. The sequence identities are very low. Nevertheless, the amino acids involved in the hydrophobic core essential for the structure stability and the cysteine residues are conserved. In addition, the amino-acids involved in carbohydrate binding are conserved in ppGalNAc-transferases. The extra C-terminal domain of these enzymes is therefore a putative glycan-binding domain. A model of the lectin-like domain of human ppGalNAc-transferase T1 was built using knowledge based methods. Geometry optimization of the complex with galactose allowed prediction that this domain could bind this monosaccharide. However, the interaction seems to be rather weak, and at the moment there is no evidence that ppGalNAc-transferases displays a lectin activity in vivo.