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Recurrent group B streptococcal disease in infants: Who should receive rifampin?

J T Atkins1, G P Heresi, T M Coque

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA.

Insights

Recurrent group B streptococcus septicemia in a preterm infant was treated with rifampin. Maternal breast milk exposure continued, suggesting combined infant and maternal rifampin treatment for persistent group B streptococcus infections.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis.
  • Breastfeeding is generally recommended for preterm infants but can transmit GBS.

Observation:

  • A preterm infant experienced three episodes of GBS septicemia (type Ia/c).
  • Despite infant rifampin treatment after the second episode, GBS exposure persisted via maternal breast milk.

Findings:

  • Recurrent GBS septicemia indicates ongoing exposure, potentially from maternal sources.
  • Rifampin prophylaxis may be necessary for both mother and infant in persistent GBS cases.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering maternal transmission in recurrent neonatal GBS disease.
  • Combined maternal-infant rifampin therapy could be a strategy to eradicate GBS in such scenarios.
  • Further research is needed to establish optimal treatment protocols for recurrent GBS in breastfeeding dyads.

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