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Genetic polymorphisms detectable in human urine: their application to forensic individualization

T Yasuda1, H Takeshita, K Kishi

  • 1Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, Japan.

Nihon Hoigaku Zasshi = the Japanese Journal of Legal Medicine
|April 18, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Human urine contains various genetic polymorphisms, like deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I), useful for forensic science. Urine analysis offers a convenient, non-invasive alternative to blood for genetic typing and individualization.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Forensic Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Genetic polymorphisms are identifiable in various human body fluids, including blood, saliva, semen, and urine.
  • Several genetic markers are more easily detected in urine than in plasma due to higher concentrations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review genetic polymorphisms identified in human urine.
  • To highlight the utility of urine as a non-invasive sample source for forensic genetic analysis.
  • To emphasize the value of urine-based genetic typing for individualization.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and characterization of genetic polymorphisms in human urine samples.
  • Comparison of analyte concentrations in urine versus plasma.
  • Phenotyping of genetic markers from urine samples.

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Main Results:

  • Multiple genetic polymorphisms, including uropepsinogen, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I), deoxyribonuclease II (DNase II), and others, were identified in human urine.
  • Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) polymorphism is highlighted as a particularly useful genetic marker due to its high concentration in urine and ease of detection.
  • Genetic markers previously identified in blood can be reliably phenotyped from urine samples.

Conclusions:

  • Urine is a valuable and convenient non-invasive sample source for forensic genetic typing, comparable to blood.
  • Biochemical and serological typing of urinary genetic polymorphisms provides crucial information for forensic individualization.
  • The use of urine analysis enhances the capabilities of forensic biologists.