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Related Experiment Videos

Axial synergies during human upper trunk bending

A Alexandrov1, A Frolov, J Massion

  • 1Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, Butlerov, Moscow.

Experimental Brain Research
|April 18, 1998
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that coordinated movements of the lower body and trunk (axial kinematic synergies) stabilize the center of gravity (CG) during bending. Central nervous system control ensures this stability by maintaining fixed ratios between joint angle changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Upper trunk bending involves complex coordination of lower body segments to maintain equilibrium.
  • Axial kinematic synergies are crucial for stabilizing the center of gravity (CG) during such movements.
  • Understanding the central control mechanisms governing these synergies is essential for explaining human motor control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the central control mechanisms responsible for axial kinematic synergies during upper trunk bending.
  • To analyze the relationship between joint angle covariation and center of gravity shifts.
  • To determine how voluntary regulation of movement amplitude and velocity affects these synergies.

Main Methods:

  • Principal Component (PC) analysis was applied to kinematic data of ankle, knee, and hip joints during voluntary trunk bending.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Covariation between joint angles and center of gravity (CG) shifts was analyzed.
  • Subjects performed forward and backward trunk bending at various speeds and amplitudes in response to auditory cues.

    • Main Results:

    • The first principal component (PC1) explained over 98% of the variance in joint angle changes, indicating a strong, fixed ratio multijoint coordination.
    • PC1 effectively stabilized the CG within the support area during trunk bending, demonstrating its role in maintaining equilibrium.
    • Voluntary control of movement speed and amplitude was achieved by altering the velocity profile without changing the fundamental interjoint coordination ratios.

    Conclusions:

    • Axial kinematic synergies are centrally controlled automatic processes that ensure CG stability during upper trunk bending.
    • The fixed interjoint angle ratios, represented by PC1, are fundamental to this stabilization.
    • Central control adapts to individual biomechanics, with high consistency in coordination patterns across trials.