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Cigarette smoking and major depression
L S Covey1, A H Glassman, F Stetner
1New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York 10032, USA.
Journal of Addictive Diseases
|April 29, 1998
Summary
Individuals with major depression often smoke and struggle to quit. Quitting smoking can increase the risk of depression, indicating a complex, lifelong link between smoking and mood disorders.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Addiction Medicine
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Major depression is frequently associated with cigarette smoking.
- Individuals with major depression exhibit higher smoking rates and greater difficulty with smoking cessation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on the association between smoking and major depression.
- To understand the complex relationship and implications for cessation treatments.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies.
- Analysis of the link between smoking behavior and major depression.
- Examination of post-cessation depression risks.
Main Results:
- Smokers with major depression face challenges in quitting.
- Smoking cessation can precipitate depressive episodes, ranging from mild to severe.
- Vulnerability to depression post-cessation can persist for months.
Conclusions:
- A complex, potentially lifelong relationship exists between smoking and depression.
- Cessation treatments should include depression screening and monitoring for post-cessation depression, especially in those with a history of depression.