Children who withdraw consent for elective surgery

Parents and legal guardians have authority to consent to medical treatment on behalf of minors. Recently, the concept of emerging competence has been popularized, whereby a child may achieve sufficient understanding and maturity to enable him/her to make a wise choice in his/her own interests. Although there are undoubted merits in involving children in their medical treatment, the ultimate legal authority for consent rests with parents and guardians acting on the advice of doctors and in the child's best interests. We describe two cases in which children withdrew their consent to elective surgery, despite the help and encouragement of their parents and doctors. Surgery was cancelled rather than use force to induce anaesthesia. In practice, it seems that a child must demonstrate a greater maturity and understanding to refuse medical treatment than to agree to it. Some advice is given to clinicians facing similar situations.