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A review of infantile and pediatric acne
1Dermatology Associates of Cincinnati Inc., OH, USA.
Insights
Acne commonly appears in infancy and puberty, linked to androgen levels. Early detection and treatment of acne can prevent scarring and reduce psychological distress.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Pediatrics
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition affecting infants and adolescents.
- Hormonal influences, particularly androgens from adrenal glands and testes, play a significant role in acne development.
- Acne presentation varies by age, with neonatal/infantile acne and pubertal acne having distinct characteristics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the timing and presentation of acne.
- To identify key predictors of severe acne.
- To emphasize the importance of early intervention in managing acne.
Main Methods:
- Observational study analyzing acne onset and presentation across different age groups.
- Correlation analysis of acne severity with hormonal levels, specifically dehydroepiandroepiandosterone sulfate.
- Review of clinical presentations including comedonal and midfacial acne.
Main Results:
- Acne predominantly occurs in the first year of life and during puberty.
- Neonatal and infantile acne are associated with elevated androgens.
- Early pubertal acne is characterized by comedones and midfacial distribution.
- Early onset of comedones and elevated dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels predict severe acne.
Conclusions:
- Acne development is closely linked to age-specific androgen fluctuations.
- Identifying early predictors like comedone onset and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels is crucial.
- Timely recognition and treatment of acne are essential to prevent physical scarring and psychological impact.
Abstract:
Acne occurs primarily in the first year of life and at puberty. Neonatal and infantile acne may reflect the relatively high androgens from the adrenal in girls and the adrenal and testes in boys characteristic of this age. Early in puberty, acne in boys and girls is primarily comedonal and midfacial. The best predictors of severe acne are early onset of comedones and serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Early recognition and therapy of acne may prevent scarring and psychological stress.