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Related Experiment Videos

Activation of serum complement by contrast media

J H Lang, E C Lasser, W P Kolb

    Investigative Radiology
    |July 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Contrast media activate serum complement, with varying effectiveness. This complement activation, observed in vitro and in vivo, occurs independently of gamma-globulin aggregation and impacts complement levels after repeated injections.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology
    • Immunology
    • Radiology

    Background:

    • Contrast media are widely used in medical imaging.
    • Potential adverse effects of contrast media are a significant concern.
    • The interaction between contrast media and the immune system, specifically serum complement, requires further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the in vitro and in vivo activation of serum complement by various contrast media.
    • To determine the order of effectiveness of different contrast agents in activating complement.
    • To explore the mechanism of complement activation by contrast media and its in vivo consequences.

    Main Methods:

    • In vitro assessment of serum complement activation by contrast media at varying concentrations.
    • Evaluation of protein binding and enzyme inhibition associated with contrast media.
    • In vivo studies involving serial daily injections in dogs and lethal dose sensitivity in guinea pigs with depleted complement.

    Main Results:

    • Contrast media were shown to activate serum complement.
    • An increasing order of complement activation effectiveness was established: metrizamide, iothalamate, diatrizoate, acetrizoate, iodipamide, and iopanoate.
    • Complement activation did not involve gamma-globulin aggregation and led to significant serum complement declines in dogs after repeated injections.

    Conclusions:

    • Contrast media are capable of activating the serum complement system.
    • The observed order of complement activation correlates with protein binding and enzyme inhibition.
    • While complement activation occurs, it does not appear to be the sole determinant of acute toxicity, as guinea pigs with depleted complement showed similar sensitivity to iodipamide.

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