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Selenium and immune function

L Kiremidjian-Schumacher1, M Roy

  • 1New York University Dental Center, Basic Science Division, NY 10010, USA.

Zeitschrift Fur Ernahrungswissenschaft
|April 29, 1998
PubMed
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Selenium (Se) supplementation boosts immune cell function in mice and humans. It enhances lymphocyte proliferation, differentiation, and cytotoxic activity, potentially counteracting age-related immune decline.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient vital for mammalian cell growth and in vivo immune function.
  • Understanding Se's role in immune response modulation is crucial for health and disease prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of Se supplementation on immune cell capacity and function in a mammalian model.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying Se's impact on lymphocyte and natural killer (NK) cell activity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a mouse model system and healthy human volunteers.
  • Assessed lymphocyte proliferation, differentiation, and cytotoxic effector cell generation following Se supplementation.
  • Measured changes in interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) subunit expression on activated immune cells.

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Main Results:

  • Se supplementation significantly increased tumor cytotoxicity in mouse and human cytotoxic lymphocytes, NK cells, and macrophages.
  • Se abrogated age-related deficiencies in lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation.
  • Enhanced expression of IL-2R alpha (p55) and/or beta (p70/75) subunits on lymphocytes and NK cells was observed, leading to increased functional IL-2R per cell.

Conclusions:

  • Selenium enhances immune cell function by increasing the number of functional interleukin-2 receptors, improving proliferation and cytotoxic precursor cell expansion.
  • These effects are independent of antioxidant activity or gene activation and suggest a direct role for Se in immune receptor modulation.