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Related Concept Videos

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations01:23

Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations

Nomograms and tabulations are vital tools used by clinicians to design accurate and individualized dosage regimens. These instruments provide a straightforward method for adjusting dosages based on individual patient characteristics, including age, weight, and physiological condition. The foundation of a drug's nomogram is population pharmacokinetic data collected and analyzed using specific models. This data simplifies complex equations, presenting them diagrammatically or tabularly for easy...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant

In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...

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Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Errors in the use of medication dosage equations

T S Lesar1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Albany Medical Center, NY 12208, USA. tlesar@ccgateway.amc.edu

Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
|April 29, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Prescribing errors involving drug dosage equations pose significant patient risks, especially for children and antibiotic calculations. Implementing system-wide procedures is crucial to minimize these medication dosing errors and prevent adverse events.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Informatics
  • Patient Safety
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Prescribing calculation errors are a known issue.
  • Systematic studies on actual dosage equation errors were lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize prescribing errors involving drug dosage equations.
  • To identify the nature and potential adverse consequences of these errors.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 200 consecutive prescribing errors involving dosage equations.
  • Data collected from a tertiary care teaching hospital.
  • Evaluated potential adverse outcomes, medication classes, and error points.

Main Results:

  • Errors frequently involved pediatric patients (69.5%) and antibiotics (53.5%).

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  • 42% of errors risked serious or severe preventable adverse outcomes.
  • Decimal point errors, calculation mistakes, and regimen expression accounted for 59.5%; incorrect equations for 29.5%.

    • Conclusions:

    • Dosage equations present substantial risks for medication dosing errors and adverse events.
    • Errors can occur in any part of the dosage equation.
    • Healthcare organizations must implement procedures to mitigate risks associated with dosage equation use.