Changes in laryngeal muscle activities during hypercapnia in the cat

The larynx has three functions: phonation, airway protection, and respiration. Few studies have dealt with laryngeal respiratory function. To elucidate respiratory regulation by the larynx, we studied the changes in the activity of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles during hypercapnia in decerebrated cats. The electromyographic activities of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) and thyroarytenoid (TA) muscles were recorded simultaneously with an electromyogram of the diaphragm, endotracheal pressure, and concentrations of O2 and CO2. The activity of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles during hypercapnia (end-tidal CO2, 8% to 10%) was analyzed in comparison with that during eucapnia. In hypercapnia, both the PCA and TA muscles increased their activities, and the endotracheal pressure during expiration was elevated to a higher level than that in eucapnia. TA muscle activities returned to the level during eucapnia after ligation of the common carotid arteries. These findings suggest that hypercapnia causes a further widening of the glottis during inspiration to decrease inspiratory resistance and a further narrowing of the glottis during expiration to prevent alveolar collapse. Thus it may be concluded that the larynx actively participates in respiratory regulation under the control of the brain stem through a process of peripheral inputs from the carotid receptors.