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Related Experiment Videos

Phenazopyridine toxicosis in the cat

J W Harvey, H P Kornick

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |August 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    High doses of phenazopyridine caused severe illness, including hemolysis and anemia, in a cat. This drug should be used with caution in felines due to potential toxicity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Toxicology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Phenazopyridine is a urinary tract analgesic often found in human cystitis treatments.
    • Its use in cats for conditions like dysuria and hematuria has not been well-established regarding safety and dosage.

    Observation:

    • A cat treated with high-dose oral phenazopyridine (100 mg TID) developed severe illness, characterized by hemolysis, icterus, Heinz body formation, and anemia, leading to death.
    • Experimental administration to a normal cat confirmed dose-dependent methemoglobinemia (up to 50% oxidation) and Heinz body presence.
    • Hepatic injury was noted in the severely affected cat and two experimentally treated cats.

    Findings:

    • High-dose phenazopyridine administration in cats can induce significant hematological toxicity, including oxidative damage to red blood cells and methemoglobinemia.
    • Lower doses increased Heinz bodies and methemoglobin but did not cause overt anemia or illness, suggesting a dose-dependent toxicological profile.
    • Evidence suggests potential hepatic injury associated with phenazopyridine exposure in cats.

    Implications:

    • Combination products containing phenazopyridine, commonly used for human cystitis, should be avoided in cats due to the risk of severe adverse effects.
    • Further research is needed to establish a safe and effective dosage range for phenazopyridine in feline patients.
    • This study highlights the critical need for careful drug evaluation and dosage determination in veterinary medicine to prevent toxicity.

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