MR angiography of the peripheral vessels

MR angiography of the inflow vessels has undergone dramatic change in the past few years; the advent of ultra fast gradient echo pulse sequences combined with the gadolinium chelate bolus technique has supplanted earlier methods. However, owing to the highly variable flow velocities and inconsistent rate of vessel opacification encountered in the outflow vessels, two-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography remains the workhorse of the distal vasculature.