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[Anaphylactoid shock caused by chlorhexidine gluconate]

S Nikaido1, M Tanaka, M Yamoto

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki.

Masui. the Japanese Journal of Anesthesiology
|April 30, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Chlorhexidine gluconate can cause severe anaphylactoid shock, a serious allergic reaction. Healthcare providers should be aware of this risk when using chlorhexidine gluconate or related medical devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Allergy

Background:

  • Chlorhexidine gluconate is a widely used antiseptic and disinfectant.
  • Antibacterial intravenous (IVH) catheters containing chlorhexidine gluconate are employed to prevent catheter-related infections.

Observation:

  • Two patients experienced anaphylactoid shock, characterized by skin reactions, severe hypotension, and increased airway pressure.
  • These reactions occurred during the insertion of antibacterial IVH catheters after skin sterilization with chlorhexidine gluconate.

Findings:

  • In one case, the exact cause remained unidentified. However, in the second case, an intradermal test confirmed chlorhexidine gluconate as the causative agent for anaphylactoid shock.
  • This suggests a direct link between chlorhexidine gluconate exposure and severe hypersensitivity reactions.

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Implications:

  • Clinicians must recognize the potential for severe anaphylactoid reactions associated with chlorhexidine gluconate.
  • Awareness of this risk is crucial when using chlorhexidine gluconate for skin antisepsis or when utilizing medical devices containing this antiseptic agent.