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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Neuroplasticity01:01

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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
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Plasticity00:58

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Related Experiment Video

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Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings in Brain Slices
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Neuroplasticity and psychiatry

B D Gynther1, M B Calford, P Sah

  • 1Vision Touch and Hearing Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. b.gynther@vthrc.uq.edu.au

The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
|May 2, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Psychiatric disorder intensity and duration can negatively impact long-term brain changes, affecting neuroplasticity. Early, aggressive treatment may mitigate these adverse effects on the brain.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurophysiology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Increasing concern exists regarding how psychiatric disorder parameters, like symptom duration and intensity, affect illness course.
  • Abnormal brain function during psychiatric episodes may lead to long-term neural changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the neuroscience literature on neuroplasticity.
  • To discuss the relevance of neuroplasticity findings to psychiatric disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Selective review of the neuroscience literature.
  • Focus on physiological experiments assessing plasticity in the mammalian neocortex.

Main Results:

  • Neuroplasticity occurs in adult neocortex, not just during development.
  • Neuroplasticity is activity-dependent, strengthening frequently used pathways and weakening infrequently used ones.

Conclusions:

  • Neurophysiological findings support the clinical observation that psychiatric disorder intensity and duration can worsen long-term outcomes.
  • Prompt, aggressive treatment may prevent adverse long-term changes.
  • Pharmacotherapy's effects on neuroplasticity require further investigation.