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Human transfer factor: effects on lymphocyte transformation

D R Burger, A A Vandenbark, P Finke

    Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
    |September 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Transfer factor (TF) preparations exhibit varied effects on lymphocyte responses. While some TF components can stimulate or inhibit lymphocyte transformation, they cannot activate naive lymphocytes to respond to specific antigens.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Cellular Immunology

    Background:

    • Transfer factor (TF) is a substance that can transfer cell-mediated immunity.
    • The immunomodulatory effects of TF preparations on lymphocyte proliferation are not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of 57 different transfer factor (TF) preparations on mitogen- and antigen-induced lymphocyte transformation.
    • To determine if TF can activate naive lymphocytes.

    Main Methods:

    • Lymphocyte transformation assays were performed using various mitogens (PHA, ConA, PWM) and specific antigens (KLH).
    • The effects of 57 TF preparations on lymphocyte proliferation were assessed.
    • Correlation between antigen responsiveness and TF augmentation was analyzed.

    Main Results:

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    • Nine TF preparations showed low mitogenic activity.
    • Most TF preparations did not affect PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation, with some showing augmentation or suppression.
    • Most TF preparations suppressed ConA stimulation but augmented the PWM response.
    • A positive correlation was observed between antigen responsiveness and TF augmentation of antigen-induced lymphocyte transformation (p < 0.005).
    • TF could not stimulate antigen-unresponsive cultures.

    Conclusions:

    • TF preparations contain both stimulatory and inhibitory components.
    • TF is not capable of activating naive lymphocytes to undergo antigen-specific transformation.
    • The efficacy of TF in modulating immune responses may depend on the recipient's existing antigen responsiveness.