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Facial volume changes during normal human growth and development

V F Ferrario1, C Sforza, C E Poggio

  • 1Istituto di Anatomia Umana Normale, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy. VFERRARIO@CUBE.IT

The Anatomical Record
|May 5, 1998
PubMed
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Facial soft tissues grow over 40% from childhood to adulthood, with distinct patterns in boys and girls. Males show continued facial growth later than females, with larger overall facial volumes, especially in the lower face.

Area of Science:

  • Human anatomy and physiology
  • Craniofacial development
  • Growth and development studies

Background:

  • Understanding normal soft tissue growth and development of the human face is crucial.
  • Assessing sexual dimorphism in facial structure provides insights into developmental trajectories.
  • Previous research indicates differing craniofacial growth patterns between sexes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe normal soft tissue growth and development of the human face through volume changes.
  • To assess the presence and extent of sexual dimorphism in facial volume.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3D coordinates of 22 facial landmarks from 1,347 healthy Caucasian individuals (ages 6-32).
  • Automated infrared photogrammetry was employed for data collection.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Calculated and averaged facial volumes, linear distances, and ratios by age and sex.

    • Main Results:

    • Facial soft tissues increased volume by over 40% from age 6 to adulthood.
    • Males exhibited significantly larger facial volumes than females across most age groups.
    • Facial growth completion occurred earlier in females (14-15 yrs) compared to males, with greater volume increase in the lower face for males.

    Conclusions:

    • Facial soft tissue volume increases significantly from childhood to adulthood (>40%).
    • Distinct growth patterns exist between males and females, with males showing prolonged facial growth.
    • Sexual dimorphism in facial volume is evident, particularly in the lower facial third.