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Related Experiment Videos

Substance abuse and the emergency room: programmatic implications

N el-Guebaly1, S J Armstrong, D C Hodgins

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Journal of Addictive Diseases
|May 6, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Routine screening for substance use in emergency rooms (ERs) and trauma units is cost-effective. Simple questions identify high-risk patients needing further assessment and intervention, improving patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Substance use is prevalent in emergency room (ER) and trauma settings, with rates varying widely.
  • Alcohol and other drugs, including marijuana, benzodiazepines, and cocaine, are commonly identified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify cost-effective policy implications for managing substance use in ERs and trauma units.
  • To review optimal methods for assessing substance use in these settings.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review conducted from 1984 to 1995.
  • Analysis of prevalence rates, testing methodologies, and risk factors for substance use.
  • Evaluation of screening tools and intervention strategies.

Main Results:

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  • Substance use prevalence ranges from 9% to 47%, influenced by demographics, location, and time.
  • A combination of clinical assessment, self-report, and biochemical markers is recommended for accurate measurement.
  • Simple screening tools like TWEAK or AUDIT are effective for initial assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Routine screening with simple tools is recommended for all ER and trauma patients.
  • Further assessment and intervention are crucial for high-risk individuals identified through screening.
  • Integrating screening with intervention, referral, and treatment resources is essential for effective management.