[Topography of facial aging]
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 29, 2026

Quantitative Assessment Protocol for Facial Soft Tissue Volumetric Changes with Stereophotogrammetry
Published on: December 9, 2025
1Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica e Maxilo Facial, Hospital Egas Moniz, Lisboa.
Abstract:
The Author studies the ageing process of human tissues, pointing out the main histologic features and functional decrements of the human skin, and some exogenous factors. The topographical study of the aging face is presented in accordance with the aesthetic division of the face into three thirds, plus the anterior cervical region. In each one of these sectors, from a clinical point of view, the Author describes the stigma and changes produced by ageing on the skin, fatty tissue, muscles and bones.
Related Concept Videos
The Effect of Aging on Tissues
Muscles for Facial Expressions
Reticular Dermis
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
Methods of Obtaining Topography
Bone Disorders
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Papillary Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
