Postembryonic development of leucokinin-like immunoreactive neurons in the moth Spodoptera litura

Antiserum to leucokinin I, a neuropeptide originally isolated from the cockroach Leucophaea maderae, was used for immunocytochemical labeling of neurons in the brain and ventral ganglia of the moth Spodoptera litura during postembryonic development. In the ventral ganglia, leucokinin-like immunoreactivity begins to occur in the abdominal ganglion A3 to A7 of first instar larva. One to two weakly labeled pairs of bilateral LK-LI cell bodies are located in the subesophageal ganglion of fourth to sixth instar larvae and in the abdominal ganglia A1 to A7 of second to sixth instar larvae. The abdominal ganglion A1 of fourth to sixth instar larvae and A8 of sixth instar larva each contain one weakly labeled pair of median LK-LI cell bodies. Two strongly labeled pairs of bilateral LK-LI neurons are found in A3 to A7 of third to sixth instar larvae. Abdominal ganglia A1 to A8 of prepupa, pupa and adult contain one to three weakly labeled pairs of bilateral LK-LI neurons. Two strongly labeled pairs of bilateral LK-LI neurons in each of the abdominal ganglia of larva, prepupa, pupa and adult send axons to the neuropil, and then each axon bifurcates into two axonal branches. Theses axonal branches from two bundles. From each of the two pairs of neurons an axon exits through the posterior ventral nerve (N2) which runs to the transverse nerve of the next posterior segment. In larval brains, 2-16 pairs of bilateral LK-LI cell bodies can be found together with LK-LI processes in the central neuropil. The larval brains show large changes in the number of LK-LI neurons throughout postembryonic development. The number of LK-LI cell bodies are reduced in number from sixth instar larval brain. Therefore, prepupal, pupal and adult brains contain a smaller number of LK-LI cell bodies. Two pairs of LK-LI median neurosecretory cells located immediately beside the pars intercerebralis in larval brains increase to three pairs in the 7-day-old pupal brain. In the adult, however, LK-LI median neurosecretory cells decrease to one pair.