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Studies on diffusion maximum in x-ray diffraction patterns of plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings

W Tong1, Z Yang, X Zhang

  • 1Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
|May 7, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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This study reveals that plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings contain distinct amorphous phases (Dmax1, Dmax2) and nanocrystals (Dmax3). Optimal HA coatings should balance crystalline HA with these nanocrystals for enhanced stability and biocompatibility.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings are crucial biomaterials, but the amorphous phase's composition and behavior remain poorly understood.
  • The amorphous phase in HA coatings is typically represented by diffusion maxima (Dmax) in X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, offering insights into its structure and transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the component parts of the amorphous phase in plasma-sprayed HA coatings using XRD analysis.
  • To understand the transitions of these amorphous components during plasma spraying, post-heating, and in vitro dissolution.
  • To determine optimal phasic compositions for enhanced stability and biocompatibility of HA coatings.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to analyze the variation of diffusion maxima (Dmax) in HA coatings.

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  • Coatings were subjected to plasma spraying, post-heating treatments (including vacuum and water vapor), and in vitro degradation studies.
  • Analysis focused on the position (Pmax) and area of Dmax to identify and characterize amorphous components and nanocrystals.

    • Main Results:

    • The amorphous phase consists of two distinct components (Dmax1 and Dmax2), with a third peak (Dmax3) identified as HA nanocrystals.
    • Coating thickness and starting powder particle size influence the amorphous phase composition.
    • Amorphous components (Dmax1, Dmax2) efficiently convert to crystalline HA at 490°C with water vapor, forming more stable nanocrystals (Dmax3).
    • In vitro degradation studies indicated that HA nanocrystals (Dmax3) are more stable than amorphous components.

    Conclusions:

    • Plasma-sprayed HA coatings possess a complex amorphous phase composed of Dmax1 and Dmax2, alongside HA nanocrystals (Dmax3).
    • The conversion of amorphous HA to nanocrystalline HA is dependent on temperature and water vapor pressure.
    • Optimal HA coatings for biomedical applications should incorporate a balance of crystalline HA and HA nanocrystals (Dmax3) to maximize stability and biocompatibility.