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Herpes B virus infection

A Jainkittivong1, R P Langlais

  • 1Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics
|May 9, 1998
PubMed
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Herpes B virus (B virus) infection, common in macaques, can cause fatal encephalitis in humans. Awareness is crucial for healthcare workers and lab personnel due to occupational risks from monkey contact.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Primate Health
  • Human Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Herpes B virus (B virus) is endemic in macaques, typically causing mild disease.
  • Human infection with B virus, though rare, can result in severe, often fatal, encephalitis.
  • Transmission primarily occurs through contact with infected macaque saliva or tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on B virus infection.
  • To discuss B virus characteristics, infection in primates and humans, and treatment.
  • To highlight implications for dental healthcare providers and occupational health risks.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of case reports and existing studies on B virus.
  • Analysis of transmission routes, including direct contact and postulated airborne spread.

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  • Discussion of clinical manifestations and treatment strategies for human B virus infection.

    • Main Results:

    • B virus infection in humans is rare but carries a high mortality rate, primarily from encephalitis.
    • Macaca mulatta are a common reservoir, with transmission to humans via saliva or tissue exposure.
    • Limited evidence supports airborne transmission, with direct contact being the most frequent route.

    Conclusions:

    • B virus poses a significant occupational health risk to individuals with potential exposure to macaques.
    • Increased awareness and understanding of B virus transmission and risks are essential for prevention.
    • Dental health care providers should be informed about B virus, especially when treating patients with potential macaque exposure.