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Trace elements in pleural effusions

W Domej1, M Krachler, C Schlagenhaufen

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Karl Franzens-University, Graz, Austria.

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology : Organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)
|May 12, 1998
PubMed
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Pleural effusions can lead to trace-element deficiencies by sequestering essential elements like zinc. This study quantifies 14 trace elements in effusions, revealing significant variations and potential risks for patients.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Pleural effusions, fluid accumulation between pleura, may deplete essential trace elements.
  • Limited data exists on trace element concentrations in pleural effusions.
  • Removal of effusions might risk trace-element deficiencies in patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify concentrations of 14 trace elements in pleural effusions.
  • To compare trace element levels in effusions with corresponding serum levels.
  • To assess the potential risk of trace-element deficiencies in patients with pleural effusions.

Main Methods:

  • Inductively-coupled argon-plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for simultaneous analysis.
  • 14 trace elements (Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Rb, Sn, Sr, Zn) were measured.

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  • Trace element concentrations in pleural effusions were compared to matched serum samples from 17 patients.

    • Main Results:

    • Rubidium (Rb) and Cesium (Cs) concentrations were similar in effusions and sera.
    • Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), and Barium (Ba) were lower in effusions than sera.
    • Essential trace elements (Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Sn, Zn) were generally lower in effusions, with notable exceptions.
    • Lead (Pb) concentrations were significantly higher in effusions compared to sera.
    • Calcium (Ca), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn) levels correlated positively with protein concentration in effusions.

    Conclusions:

    • Pleural effusions can act as a sink for essential trace elements, potentially leading to deficiencies.
    • Significant differences in trace element concentrations between effusions and sera highlight the need for monitoring.
    • Lead accumulation in effusions warrants further investigation regarding its source and clinical implications.