The case for case studies in nursing research: the problem of generalization

Area of Science:

• Qualitative Research Methodology
• Health Sciences Research

Background:

• Generalizability of findings from nonrepresentative samples is frequently underestimated in scientific research.
• A core confusion exists regarding the distinct logical foundations for making generalizations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To clarify the logic of generalization from case studies and nonrepresentative samples.
• To highlight the value of theoretical generalization in qualitative research.

Main Methods:

• Conceptual analysis of generalization logic.
• Distinction between empirical and theoretical generalization frameworks.

Main Results:

• Generalizability is often underestimated due to conflating empirical and theoretical bases.
• Theoretical generalization does not rely on sample representativeness for validity.

Conclusions:

• Case studies and qualitative research possess significant value for nursing and health sciences.
• Recognizing theoretical generalization enhances the appreciation of small-scale qualitative research in healthcare disciplines.