[Aggression and the psychic self]

Area of Science:

• Psychology
• Psychoanalysis
• Developmental Psychology

Background:

• The psychological self develops through appreciating others' mental states in early childhood.
• Threats to the self, especially from unpredictable or hostile figures, can impede this development.
• Aggression and avoidance are common defense mechanisms when reflective function is inadequately established.

Observation:

• Aggression can become a primary organizing principle in self-construction.
• Pathological destructiveness may replace emotional connection and empathy.
• Early childhood experiences significantly shape the development of the self and its defenses.

Findings:

• Aggression serves as a defense against threats to the psychological self.
• Inadequate establishment of reflective function leads to heightened use of aggression or avoidance.
• The development of the self is influenced by early interactions and the capacity for mentalization.

Implications:

• Psychoanalytic treatment focuses on recreating intersubjective processes, not just conflict resolution.
• Interpretations of transference and countertransference facilitate the enhancement of the reflective self.
• Therapeutic relationships can foster a safe environment for patients to develop a more integrated self.