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Risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus associated apnoea

M C Kneyber¹, A H Brandenburg, R de Groot

¹Department of Paediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

European Journal of Pediatrics

|May 14, 1998

Summary

Young infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are at higher risk for apnea. Apnea at admission predicts further episodes and increases the need for mechanical ventilation in children with RSV.

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Area of Science:

Pediatrics
Infectious Diseases
Critical Care Medicine

Background:

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) commonly causes respiratory tract infections in infants.
Apnea can be an initial indicator of severe RSV disease in children.
Identifying risk factors for RSV-associated apnea and mechanical ventilation is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify independent risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated apnea in infants.
To predict the risk of requiring mechanical ventilation in children with RSV-associated apnea.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of medical records for infants under 12 months admitted with RSV infection.
Comparison of demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters between infants with and without apnea.

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Univariate and multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses to determine risk factors and prediction models.

Main Results:

Of 185 infants with RSV, 38 (21%) presented with apnea.
Infants with apnea were younger, had lower temperatures, higher pCO2, and lower pH.
Apnea at admission was a strong predictor of recurrent apnea and significantly increased the risk for mechanical ventilation.

Conclusions:

Infants younger than 2 months are at the highest risk for RSV-associated apnea.
The presence of apnea at admission increases the likelihood of recurrent apnea.
Recurrent apnea in children with RSV significantly elevates the risk for mechanical ventilation.