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Isepamicin sulfate-induced sensorineural hearing loss in patients with the 1555 A-->G mitochondrial mutation
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan. usami@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp
Abstract:
A mitochondrial mutation at nucleotide 1555 has been reported to be susceptible to aminoglycoside antibiotics as well as one of the causes of nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss. We herewith report 2 cases bearing the 1555 A-->G mitochondrial mutation who had hearing loss after short-term exposure to the new aminoglycoside antibiotic, isepamicin sulfate. Even when using aminoglycoside antibiotics with milder side effects, careful attention should be paid in applying them to patients with particular genetic backgrounds.
Insights
Mitochondrial mutations can cause hearing loss when exposed to certain antibiotics. This study highlights hearing loss in patients with the 1555 A-->G mutation after using isepamicin sulfate.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Pharmacology
- Otolaryngology
Background:
- Mitochondrial mutations, specifically at nucleotide 1555, are linked to nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss.
- Aminoglycoside antibiotics are known ototoxic agents, but susceptibility varies.
- The 1555 A-->G mitochondrial mutation confers susceptibility to aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss.
Observation:
- Two cases of sensorineural hearing loss are presented.
- Both patients carried the 1555 A-->G mitochondrial mutation.
- Hearing loss occurred after short-term exposure to the novel aminoglycoside antibiotic, isepamicin sulfate.
Findings:
- The 1555 A-->G mitochondrial mutation is associated with hearing loss following exposure to isepamicin sulfate.
- This suggests that even newer aminoglycosides with potentially milder side effect profiles can trigger ototoxicity in susceptible individuals.
- Genetic background plays a critical role in determining susceptibility to drug-induced hearing loss.
Implications:
- Clinicians should exercise caution when prescribing aminoglycoside antibiotics, including newer agents like isepamicin sulfate.
- Patients with the 1555 A-->G mitochondrial mutation are at high risk for hearing loss.
- Genetic screening may be warranted for patients with a history of hearing loss or those at risk before aminoglycoside therapy.