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Related Experiment Videos

Three patterns of catamenial epilepsy

A G Herzog1, P Klein, B J Ransil

  • 1Harvard Neuroendocrine Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.

Epilepsia
|May 14, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Catamenial epilepsy, characterized by seizure exacerbation linked to menstrual cycles, affects about one-third of women with epilepsy. This study identified three distinct hormonal patterns of seizure increase related to menstruation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Endocrinology
  • Epilepsy Research

Background:

  • Estradiol and progesterone exhibit neuroactive properties.
  • Cyclic variations in female hormone levels are linked to seizure exacerbation.
  • Previous research on catamenial epilepsy (seizures linked to menstrual cycles) has yielded conflicting results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis of hormonally based patterns of seizure exacerbation.
  • To estimate the frequency of catamenial seizure exacerbation in women with epilepsy.
  • To identify three distinct patterns of catamenial epilepsy based on hormonal fluctuations.

Main Methods:

  • One hundred eighty-four women with intractable complex partial seizures (CPS) charted seizures and menses.
  • Mid-luteal serum progesterone levels were measured to determine ovulation.
  • Seizure frequency was analyzed across four cycle phases: menstrual, follicular, ovulatory, and luteal.

Main Results:

  • In ovulatory cycles, seizure frequency was significantly higher during the menstrual and ovulatory phases.
  • In anovulatory cycles, seizure frequency was significantly higher throughout the second half of the cycle.
  • Approximately one-third of women exhibited at least a twofold increase in daily seizure frequency, supporting a proposed definition for catamenial epilepsy.

Conclusions:

  • Charting seizures and menses, along with progesterone level determination, can establish three distinct patterns of catamenial epilepsy.
  • Catamenial epilepsy affects approximately one-third of women with intractable complex partial seizures.
  • The findings support a hormonal basis for seizure exacerbation in epilepsy related to the menstrual cycle.

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