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Bacterial and parasitic cholangitis

H A Carpenter1

  • 1Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.

Mayo Clinic Proceedings
|May 15, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial cholangitis, an infection of the bile ducts, can be caused by parasites. These parasites contribute to bile duct obstruction and bacterial infection, impacting treatment strategies for biliary disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Bacterial cholangitis is a syndrome resulting from infected bile entering circulation, with unclear pathogenesis.
  • Key factors include microorganisms in bile and increased biliary pressure.
  • Common causes of biliary obstruction are stones, strictures, and notably, biliary parasites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of biliary parasites in the pathogenesis and clinical course of bacterial cholangitis.
  • To discuss the epidemiologic, pathologic, and clinical manifestations of parasitic infestations in the bile ducts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on bacterial cholangitis and biliary parasitic infections.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which parasites cause biliary disease and predispose to bacterial cholangitis.

Main Results:

  • Biliary parasites contribute to cholangitis through direct irritation, obstruction, gallstone formation, and bacterial introduction.
  • Commonly implicated parasites include Ascaris lumbricoides, Opisthorchis, Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola hepatica, and Echinococcus species.
  • Parasitic infestations play a significant role in the development and progression of bacterial cholangitis.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial cholangitis is often linked to biliary obstruction, with parasites being a significant etiological factor globally.
  • Effective treatment requires addressing biliary obstruction and using appropriate antibiotics.
  • Understanding the parasitic etiology is crucial for managing bacterial cholangitis and associated biliary diseases.

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