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Cholangitis in viral disease

L J Burgart1

  • 1Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.

Mayo Clinic Proceedings
|May 15, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viral infections can cause cholangitis, affecting the biliary tree. The severity and type of cholangitis depend on the specific virus and the patient's immune status, with outcomes varying widely.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Biliary manifestations of viral diseases are complex, involving diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and disease progression.
  • Understanding viral cholangitis requires differentiating between primary hepatic and systemic infections.
  • Host immune competence significantly influences the impact of viral infections on the biliary tree.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biliary manifestations of viral diseases.
  • To analyze the morphologic diagnosis, therapeutic implications, prognostic effect, and natural history of viral cholangitis.
  • To explore the histopathologic and clinical features of viruses affecting the biliary tree.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on viral diseases and their impact on the biliary system.

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  • Classification of viral causes of cholangitis based on infection type and host immunity.
  • Detailed examination of histopathologic and clinical presentations of viral cholangitis.

    • Main Results:

    • Hepatitis C is more frequently associated with cholangitis than hepatitis B.
    • Lymphocytic cholangitis in Hepatitis B and C is reversible and does not affect disease course or therapy response.
    • Hepatitis A and E cause cholestasis but not severe cholangitis.
    • Systemic viruses like cytomegalovirus can cause cholangitis in infants and transplant recipients.
    • Late-stage Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients are susceptible to diverse cholangitis-causing organisms.

    Conclusions:

    • Viral cholangitis presents a broad spectrum of clinicopathologic scenarios.
    • The specific etiologic virus and host immune competence are key determinants of viral cholangitis.
    • Management and prognosis of viral cholangitis are highly variable.