Involvement of kappa-opioids in the mouse cerebellar adenosinergic modulation of ethanol-induced motor incoordination

Using rotorod performance as the test response, possible modulation and co-modulation of ethanol-induced motor incoordination by the cerebellar kappa-opioid and adenosine A1 receptors was studied. A dose-related accentuation of ethanol-induced motor incoordination was observed after direct cerebellar microinfusion of three kappa-opioid receptor agonists: U-50488, U-62066, and bremazocine. On the contrary, significant and dose-related attenuation of ethanol's motor impairment was produced by intracerebellar nor-binaltorphimine, a kappa-opioid receptor antagonist. Furthermore, the accentuation by kappa-agonists was virtually abolished by kappa-antagonist nor-binaltorphimine. Therefore, the accentuation and attenuation by kappa-opioid receptor agonists/antagonist, respectively, was through specific kappa-opioid receptors. Pretreatment with the intracerebellar adenosine A1-selective agonist, N6-cyclohexyladenosine, further enhanced the ethanol-induced motor incoordination and its accentuation by intracerebellar kappa-opioid receptor agonists. Ethanol-induced motor incoordination was markedly attenuated by intracerebellar pertussis toxin (PTX) pretreatment, suggesting an involvement of PTX-sensitive G protein in the expression of motor incoordinating effect of ethanol. Additionally, the intracerebellar PTX also markedly attenuated the accentuation by kappa-opioid agonists of ethanol-induced motor impairment, suggesting participation of PTX-sensitive GTP-binding G protein (Gi, Go) in the kappa-opioid modulation of ethanol's motor impairment. It also confirms that kappa-opioid receptors are linked to PTX-sensitive G protein. The functional similarity between kappa-opioid and adenosine A1 receptors in increasing ethanol's motor incoordination, together with their anatomical co-localization primarily on the axons and axonal terminals of the cerebellar granule cells, suggests a possible common catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase as the basis of modulation of ethanol-induced motor incoordination by both receptor mechanisms.