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Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Manual Restraint and Common Compound Administration Routes in Mice and Rats
Published on: September 26, 2012
[Death in the bathtub--rectal drug administration]
F Musshoff1, R Dettmeyer, B Madea
1Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Universität Bonn.
Abstract:
A young nurse was found dead in a bathtub. An autopsy revealed the following results: pulmonary emphysema, severe edema of both lungs, transudation in both pleural cavities. Conspicuous were skin sticks of a white wax material. In chemical-toxicological analysis diazepam, tetrazepam and phenobarbital were detected in this material. After anal-rectal and additionally oral ingestion the following blood concentrations were determined: BAC 0.03/1000; diazepam 500 ng/ml; nordiazepam 65 ng/ml; tetrazepam 180 ng/ml; phenobarbital 9.4 mg/l. In connection with this drug effects an acute, multifocal, suppurating bronchopneumonia in both lungs was revealed as the cause of death.
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