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Cognitive frontal lobe dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder

K Schmidtke1, A Schorb, G Winkelmann

  • 1Neurological Clinic, University of Freiburg, Germany.

Biological Psychiatry
|May 16, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients show specific cognitive deficits in attention and self-directed behavior, not general frontal lobe impairment. This suggests targeted brain circuit dysfunction in OCD.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Associative frontostriatal circuit dysfunction is implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
  • Previous neuropsychological studies on OCD cognitive function have produced inconsistent results.
  • This study investigates frontal lobe cognitive performance in individuals with OCD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess cognitive frontal lobe function in unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
  • To compare the performance of OCD patients and healthy controls on a battery of neuropsychological tests.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-nine unmedicated OCD patients were compared to 58 matched healthy controls.
  • A series of 12 neuropsychological tests targeting frontal lobe functions were administered.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Participants were matched for age, sex, and intelligence.

    • Main Results:

    • OCD patients performed comparably to controls on tests of abstraction, problem-solving, set-shifting, and response inhibition.
    • Deficits were observed in OCD patients on timed tests of verbal and nonverbal fluency, attentional processing, and weight sorting.
    • These deficits were approximately one standard deviation below control performance.

    Conclusions:

    • Obsessive-compulsive disorder patients exhibit selective deficits in controlled attentional processing and self-guided behavior.
    • The findings suggest a link between this cognitive profile and dysfunction in the anterior cingulate circuit.
    • The results do not support significant dysfunction within the dorsolateral prefrontal circuit in OCD.