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Related Experiment Videos

Mortality hazard associated with prescription hypnotics

D F Kripke1, M R Klauber, D L Wingard

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0667, USA.

Biological Psychiatry
|May 16, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Taking prescription sleeping pills frequently, even with other risk factors considered, was linked to increased mortality risk in a large study. Further research is needed to understand the exact causes and risks of hypnotic use.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Utilized data from the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study II.
  • Examined prescription sleeping pill usage from 1982.
  • Leveraged established survey methodologies for data collection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between prescription sleeping pill use and mortality.
  • To assess if sleeping pill use is an independent risk factor for mortality.
  • To control for confounding variables in the analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs).
  • Employed Cox proportional hazards models to adjust for confounding factors.
  • Controlled for up to 30 other risk factors and comorbidities simultaneously.

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Main Results:

  • High frequency (30+ times/month) sleeping pill use showed significantly elevated SMRs (3.18 for men, 2.82 for women).
  • Moderate frequency (1-29 times/month) use also indicated increased SMRs (1.8 for men, 1.48 for women).
  • After adjusting for confounders, excess mortality risk remained significant (hazard ratios 1.35 for men, 1.22 for women).

Conclusions:

  • Hypnotic medication use is associated with increased mortality.
  • The study could not establish causality or determine risks of individual hypnotic compounds.
  • Long-term controlled trials are recommended to clarify risks for patients and physicians.