Esophageal strictures. A radiologic approach to diagnosis and management

Strictures of the esophagus represent persistent luminal narrowing following an inflammatory insult to mural tissues or a manifestation of malignant disease. Barium studies remain the cornerstone of evaluation of patients with a suspected stricture. The diagnostic features of the various causes of strictures are discussed. Balloon dilatation and stent placement, as well as other radiologic interventions, often have an important role in the treatment of patients with advanced disease. This article discusses the indications and general application of these procedures as well as the nature and evaluation of the associated complications.