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Tissue engineered neocartilage using plasma derived polymer substrates and chondrocytes

C D Sims1, P E Butler, Y L Cao

  • 1Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|May 16, 1998
PubMed
Summary

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This study shows that fibrin glue can form moldable gels for encapsulating chondrocytes, enabling new cartilage tissue development in vivo. This biocompatible scaffold offers a promising alternative for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Current tissue engineering strategies often rely on synthetic polymers or allografts.
  • Developing biocompatible, autogenous scaffolds is crucial for successful tissue regeneration.
  • Chondrocytes require a supportive matrix to maintain viability and function for cartilage repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of autogenous fibrin glue as a moldable scaffold for chondrocyte encapsulation.
  • To assess the in vivo capacity of fibrin-chondrocyte constructs for neocartilage formation.
  • To compare fibrin glue-based scaffolds with existing tissue augmentation materials.

Main Methods:

  • Fibrin monomers were polymerized with thrombin to create a moldable gel scaffold.

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  • Isolated calf chondrocytes were encapsulated within the fibrin gel at a density of 12.5 x 10^6 cells/ml.
  • Constructs were implanted subcutaneously in nude mice and analyzed after 6 and 12 weeks.

    • Main Results:

    • Histologic and biochemical analyses confirmed chondrocyte proliferation and production of a cartilaginous matrix within fibrin scaffolds.
    • Transplanted samples demonstrated well-formed neocartilage tissue.
    • Control groups (chondrocytes alone or fibrin glue alone) showed no evidence of neocartilage formation.

    Conclusions:

    • Autogenous fibrin glue serves as a viable, moldable scaffold for chondrocyte encapsulation and in vivo tissue engineering.
    • Fibrin glue-based systems show potential as alternatives to current synthetic polymers and grafts for cartilage regeneration.
    • This approach may also be applicable for facial skeletal and soft-tissue augmentation.