[Blood pressure and diastolic function in the elderly]

H Odawara1, T Chikamori, T Yabe

  • 1Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School.

Insights

Blood pressure is linked to heart diastolic function in older adults. This relationship is stronger during sleep, highlighting the importance of monitoring blood pressure overnight for elderly cardiovascular health.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Gerontology
  • Physiology

Context:

  • Assessing the relationship between blood pressure and cardiac diastolic function in the elderly is crucial for understanding cardiovascular health in aging populations.
  • Previous studies have shown mixed results regarding the correlation between casual blood pressure and diastolic indices.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the association between blood pressure and diastolic function in elderly individuals.
  • To determine if ambulatory blood pressure monitoring provides a stronger correlation with diastolic function compared to casual measurements.

Summary:

  • This study involved 28 healthy elderly volunteers who underwent blood pressure measurements (casual and ambulatory) and cardiac imaging (echocardiography and radionuclide angiography).
  • Casual blood pressure showed limited correlation with diastolic function indices, except for peak filling rate during atrial contraction (r = 0.39, p < 0.05).
  • Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring revealed significant correlations between peak filling rate during atrial contraction and 24-hour, awake, and sleep blood pressure. The strongest correlation was observed between sleep blood pressure and peak filling rate during atrial contraction (r = 0.53, p < 0.005).

Impact:

  • These findings demonstrate a direct relationship between blood pressure and diastolic function in the elderly.
  • The correlation is significantly stronger during sleep, suggesting that nocturnal blood pressure plays a critical role in maintaining diastolic function in older adults.
  • This highlights the potential clinical significance of monitoring sleep blood pressure for assessing and managing diastolic dysfunction in the elderly.

Related Concept Videos

Blood Pressure01:30

Blood Pressure

Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure or force of blood exerted on the artery's walls as it circulates through the body. It is essential for maintaining blood flow throughout the body.
The average BP in an adult is typically around 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury). In this measurement, the numerator (120) indicates the systolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart's ventricles as blood is expelled. The denominator (80) represents the diastolic...
Blood Pressure01:24

Blood Pressure

The movement of blood in a human body, commonly referred to as blood flow, is determined by the volume of blood that traverses a certain section of the bodily system per unit time. It is the rhythmic contraction of the heart's ventricles that primarily instigates this movement. As the ventricles contract, blood is forced into the prominent arteries, which then flow from areas of greater pressure to lower pressure areas. This movement continues into smaller arteries and arterioles and...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...