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Technical note: improved DNA extraction from ancient bones using silica-based spin columns

D Y Yang1, B Eng, J S Waye

  • 1Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

American Journal of Physical Anthropology
|May 19, 1998
PubMed
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This study presents a straightforward method for isolating DNA from ancient bones using proteinase K digestion and silica spin columns, avoiding organic solvents. The new protocol successfully extracts polymerase chain reaction-amplifiable DNA from human remains up to 5,000 years old.

Area of Science:

  • Paleogenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Ancient DNA extraction is crucial for understanding past populations and evolutionary history.
  • Traditional methods often involve hazardous organic solvents and can be time-consuming.
  • Developing efficient and safe DNA extraction protocols is essential for paleogenetic research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a simple, solvent-free method for extracting DNA from ancient bones.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of proteinase K digestion and silica-based purification for ancient DNA.
  • To validate the protocol using diverse human bone samples of varying ages.

Main Methods:

  • Bone samples were powdered and digested using proteinase K.
  • DNA was purified directly from digested samples using silica-based spin columns (QIAquick3, QIAGEN).

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  • No organic solvents were employed in the extraction process.

    • Main Results:

    • The protocol successfully extracted polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplifiable DNA from ancient human bones.
    • The method was effective across a wide range of bone ages, from 15 to 5,000 years.
    • The purified DNA was suitable for downstream molecular analyses.

    Conclusions:

    • This simple, solvent-free method provides an efficient means of obtaining PCR-amplifiable DNA from ancient bones.
    • The protocol is robust and applicable to diverse ancient human skeletal remains.
    • This technique advances paleogenetic research by offering a safer and more accessible DNA extraction approach.