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Decrease in infant mortality in New York City after 1989

H D Kalter1, Y Na, P O'Campo

  • 1Bureau of Maternity Services and Family Planning, New York City Department of Health, NY, USA. hkalter@jhsph.edu

American Journal of Public Health
|May 20, 1998
PubMed
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Infant mortality in New York City rapidly declined due to lower birthweight-specific death rates, not increased birthweights. Multiple perinatal and postnatal factors contributed to this significant reduction across all races.

Area of Science:

  • Perinatal and infant health research
  • Public health policy analysis
  • Vital statistics and epidemiology

Background:

  • New York City experienced a notable decrease in infant mortality between 1989 and 1992.
  • Understanding the specific factors driving this decline is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the key factors contributing to the rapid decline in infant mortality in New York City during 1989-1992.
  • To analyze changes in birthweight distributions and mortality rates associated with birthweight and age.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized New York City vital statistics data from 1988/89 (pre-decline) and 1990/91 (post-decline).
  • Examined birthweight-specific mortality rates, as well as cause-specific and age-specific mortality rates.
Keywords:
AmericasBiologyBirth WeightBody WeightCultural BackgroundDemographic FactorsDeveloped CountriesEthnic GroupsInfant MortalityMortalityMortality DeclineNeonatal MortalityNew YorkNorth AmericaNorthern AmericaPhysiologyPopulationPopulation CharacteristicsPopulation DynamicsUnited States

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analyzed mortality trends for both very-low-birthweight (<1500g) and normal-birthweight infants.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant decreases observed in infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality for both very-low-birthweight and normal-birthweight infants.
    • The reduction in mortality was primarily attributed to decreased birthweight-specific mortality rates, not an increase in average birthweights.
    • Mortality reductions were widespread across racial groups and for six specific causes of death.

    Conclusions:

    • The decline in infant mortality resulted from a combination of widespread perinatal and postnatal factors.
    • Improvements in factors affecting mortality rates across different birthweights and age groups were key drivers.
    • The findings underscore the impact of multifaceted public health strategies on reducing infant mortality.