Incomplete calcium hydroxide removal from the root canal: a case report

This case demonstrates failure of root canal treatment of a maxillary central incisor following incomplete mechanical removal of a Ca(OH)2 intracanal dressing and subsequent resorption of the material from the apical portion of the root canal. Retreatment some 4 years later involved the removal of the contents of the root canal and permanent obturation by lateral condensation of cold gutta-percha with a sealer. Follow-up showed complete periradicular bone healing with a lamina dura evident. An explanation of the processes involved is offered, based upon histopathological and microbiological evidence in the literature.