[Use of the internal mammary artery in reconstructive microsurgery in the thoracic region: anatomical-radiologic...

In this study, the topographic anatomy and the diameter of the internal mammary (thoracic) vessels was investigated in regard to their potential as a recipient vessel in reconstructive microsurgery in the ventral thoracic region. Particularly for reconstruction of large thoracic wall defects as well as for female breast reconstruction with free tissue transplantation, these vessels seem to be suitable due to their location. We performed an anatomical study on 86 cadavers and a radiological investigation on 50 female patients and volunteers. We found a mean diameter on 50 female patients and volunteers. We found a mean diameter of 1.8 mm of the artery and 2.1 mm of the commitant vein at the level of the fourth rib, one to two centimeters parasternally. We conclude that the internal mammary vessels can serve as recipient vessels in reconstructive microsurgery in the ventral thoracic region at the level of the fourth rib or cranially. Hypothetically, free muscle flaps for the treatment of sternal osteitis, free fasciocutaneous flaps to replace presternal burn scars or appropriate flaps to fill up a funnel chest cavity subcutaneously may be anastomosed to the internal mammary vessels.