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A cost-effective retractor and heart stabilizer for minimal-access coronary bypass
J A Rousou1, R M Engelman, J E Flack
1Division of Cardiac Surgery, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts 01107, USA.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
|May 22, 1998
Abstract:
Exposure for internal mammary artery harvesting and immobilization of the coronary artery during the performance of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting requires the use of appropriate retractors and instruments. We have successfully used existing retractors and instruments, modified for such use, which are reusable and cost effective. The use of such a retractor and cardiac stabilizer is described.