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The radio-frequency single-electron transistor (RF-SET): A fast and ultrasensitive electrometer

Schoelkopf¹, Wahlgren, Kozhevnikov

¹R. J. Schoelkopf, A. A. Kozhevnikov, D. E. Prober, Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8284, USA. P. Wahlgren and P. Delsing, Department of Microelectronics and Nanoscience, Chalmers Uni.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 5, 1998

Summary

A novel single-electron transistor (SET) electrometer achieves high speeds and charge sensitivity by measuring resonant circuit damping. This advancement offers significantly faster operation and improved sensitivity over previous single-electron devices.

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Area of Science:

Physics
Electrical Engineering
Quantum Computing

Background:

Traditional electrometers face limitations in speed and sensitivity.
Single-electron transistors (SETs) offer potential for high-performance charge measurements.
Existing SETs are often limited by 1/f noise and slower operating speeds.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a new electrometer design utilizing a single-electron transistor (SET).
To achieve significantly enhanced operating speeds and charge sensitivity compared to existing single-electron devices.
To explore the electrostatic duality between the new SET electrometer and radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference devices (RF-SQUIDs).

Main Methods:

The electrometer employs a single-electron transistor (SET) as the core sensing element.
Readout is achieved by measuring the damping of an embedded 1.7-gigahertz resonant circuit.
The device operates as an electrostatic "dual" to radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference devices (RF-SQUIDs).

Main Results:

The new electrometer demonstrates operating speeds over two orders of magnitude faster than previous SET devices.
A constant gain is maintained from DC up to frequencies exceeding 100 megahertz.
An unoptimized device achieved a charge sensitivity of 1.2 x 10^-5 e/Hz at 1.1 MHz, surpassing typical SETs by an order of magnitude.

Conclusions:

The developed SET electrometer represents a significant advancement in high-speed, high-sensitivity charge measurement.
Its performance characteristics suggest potential applications where rapid and precise charge detection is critical.
The device's design and performance offer a new avenue for sensitive electronic measurements, potentially impacting fields like quantum computing and condensed matter physics.