Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Chemical warfare agents: estimating oral reference doses

D M Opresko1, R A Young, R A Faust

  • 1Life Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN 37831, USA.

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
|May 23, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Whip black corals (Antipatharia: Antipathidae: Stichopathes) of the Mesophotic Coral Ecosystem of Mo'orea (French Polynesia), with the description of a new species.

Zootaxa·2024
Same author

Saline groundwater in the Buffels River catchment, Namaqualand, South Africa: A new look at an old problem.

The Science of the total environment·2020
Same author

Auditory communication [summary].

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine·2010
Same author

Siegrist's streaks: a rare manifestation of hypertensive choroidopathy.

Eye (London, England)·2001
Same author

Whole proteome pI values correlate with subcellular localizations of proteins for organisms within the three domains of life.

Genome research·2001
Same author

Popular diets: correlation to health, nutrition, and obesity.

Journal of the American Dietetic Association·2001

Health risk assessments for chemical warfare agents use Reference Doses (RfD) to define safe exposure levels. For sulfur mustard (HD), the RfD was determined using toxicity data and uncertainty factors to ensure human safety.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Chemical Warfare Agents
  • Risk Assessment

Background:

  • Health risk assessments for sites contaminated with chemical warfare agents (CWAs) necessitate comparing potential exposure levels with the toxic potency of each chemical.
  • Toxic potency for noncancer health effects is quantified using Reference Doses (RfDs), representing daily exposure levels unlikely to cause adverse health effects in the human population, including sensitive subgroups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a Reference Dose (RfD) for Agent HD (Sulfur Mustard) to inform health risk assessments.
  • To characterize the toxic potency of sulfur mustard for noncancer health effects.

Main Methods:

  • RfD derivation involved identifying a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) or lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) from toxicity data.

Related Experiment Videos

  • A two-generation reproductive toxicity study in rats identified the LOAEL for sulfur mustard.
  • Uncertainty Factors (UF) were applied for sensitive subpopulations (10), animal-to-human extrapolation (10), LOAEL-to-NOAEL extrapolation (3), and subchronic-to-chronic exposure (10), totaling 3000. A modified UF of 3 was used for LOAEL-to-NOAEL due to mild critical effects (stomach lesions).

    • Main Results:

    • The established Reference Dose (RfDe) for Agent HD (Sulfur Mustard) is 7 x 10(-6) mg/kg/day.
    • The critical study identified stomach lesions consistent with sulfur mustard's vesicant properties.

    Conclusions:

    • The derived RfD for sulfur mustard provides a crucial benchmark for evaluating health risks associated with exposure.
    • The methodology ensures protection of the general population and sensitive subpopulations from noncancer health effects.