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The meaning of body image for women with eating disorders
1Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario.
Objective:
To propose a theoretical model accounting for the meaning and function of body image disturbances for individuals with eating disorders. This model departs from available conceptualizations of body image focused on attractiveness and emphasizes the role of body image preoccupations in the regulation of self-esteem and affect.
Method:
This model was developed on the basis of the author's clinical observations and the available empirical research.
Results:
Three main functions of body image are described. The first one, "affiliation," consists of using one's appearance in the establishment of interpersonal relationships, both at the level of friendship and romance. The second function, "avoidance," consists of using one's body image to avoid abuse, be it psychological, physical, or sexual. The third function, "expression," consists of using one's body image to communicate to the self and others one's capacity for accomplishment or one's inner feelings of dejection.
Conclusion:
This model is designed to be a therapeutic tool within body image therapy. Body image therapy can be most effective when focused on the unique meaning of body image for each individual patient.