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Reoviruses and the interferon system

C E Samuel1

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106-9610, USA. samuel@lifesci.lscf.ucsb.edu

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|May 26, 1998
PubMed
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Reovirus triggers interferon (IFN), but is also inhibited by it. The effectiveness of reovirus and interferon depends on the specific virus, cell, and interferon types used in combination.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Reoviruses are viruses that induce interferon (IFN) production.
  • Reoviruses are also susceptible to the antiviral effects of IFNs.
  • The interplay between reovirus and IFN is complex and influenced by viral strain, host cell, and IFN type.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the intricate relationship between reovirus and interferon.
  • To understand how reovirus strains, host cells, and IFN types modulate antiviral responses.
  • To elucidate the role of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in IFN-mediated antiviral mechanisms against reovirus.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of IFN induction and antiviral activity in various reovirus-host cell-IFN combinations.
  • Investigation of the role of viral dsRNA in the function of IFN-induced enzymes, including PKR, ADAR, and the 2',5'-oligoA pathway.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessment of viral mRNA translation inhibition by IFN-alpha/beta in infected cells.
  • Evaluation of IFN-induced immune responses, such as MHC antigen expression, in reovirus-infected animals.

    • Main Results:

    • Reovirus-IFN interactions vary significantly based on the specific virus, cell, and IFN combination.
    • Viral dsRNA is crucial for the activity of key IFN-induced enzymes like PKR, ADAR, and 2',5'-oligoA.
    • IFN-alpha/beta treatment inhibits reovirus mRNA translation in infected cells, mediated by PKR.
    • IFN-gamma can enhance cellular immune responses by upregulating MHC antigens, contributing to reovirus control in vivo.

    Conclusions:

    • The antiviral efficacy of interferon against reovirus is highly specific to the interacting components.
    • Double-stranded RNA plays a central role in mediating the antiviral actions of interferon.
    • PKR is a critical enzyme in establishing the antiviral state against reovirus at the cellular level.
    • IFN-induced immune modulation, including MHC expression, is important for controlling reovirus infections in whole organisms.