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Related Experiment Videos

Postnatal development of the human sternum

M L O'Neal1, J J Dwornik, T M Ganey

  • 1Shriners Hospital for Children, Tampa, Florida, USA.

Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics
|May 26, 1998
PubMed
Summary

The human sternum

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Developmental Biology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • The postnatal development of the human sternum is characterized by significant variability.
  • Endochondral ossification centers, known as sternebrae, form within the sternum's cartilaginous segments, each surrounded by a growth plate.
  • Some sternebrae exhibit one or two ossification centers, reflecting their bilateral embryonic origins and potentially influencing rib articulation symmetry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complex process of postnatal sternal development and maturation.
  • To describe the formation, expansion, and fusion patterns of sternebrae.
  • To document common morphological variants and their implications for sternal growth.

Main Methods:

  • Histological examination of sternal development.
  • Analysis of ossification center formation and fusion.
  • Observation of cartilage canals and epiphysiodesis.

Main Results:

  • Sternebrae form between costosternal articulations, with cartilage canals present in unossified areas.
  • Fusion of mesosternebrae occurs in a caudal-to-cranial direction, progressing from central osseous bridges to complete synostosis.
  • Accessory and bifid ossification centers coalesce before fusing with adjacent sternebrae; manubriosternal fusion is rare, and the xiphoid process ossifies later in adulthood.

Conclusions:

  • A single, uniform developmental pattern is not fundamental for successful sternal growth, as morphological variants are common.
  • Understanding these developmental variations is crucial for interpreting sternal morphology and potential clinical implications.
  • The study highlights the intricate and variable nature of human sternal postnatal development.

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