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Related Experiment Videos

Evolution of somatic hypermutation and gene conversion in adaptive immunity

M Diaz1, M F Flajnik

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida, USA.

Immunological Reviews
|May 29, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Somatic hypermutation and gene conversion mechanisms in antigen receptor genes are conserved across vertebrates, suggesting shared evolutionary origins. Differences in these processes may arise from species-specific adaptations.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Somatic hypermutation (SHM) and gene conversion are crucial for adaptive immunity.
  • These processes diversify antigen receptor genes in vertebrates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary conservation and species-specific variations of SHM and gene conversion.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these genetic diversification processes.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of antigen receptor genes across diverse vertebrate species.
  • Comparative genomics to identify conserved and unique features of SHM and gene conversion machinery.

Main Results:

  • Conserved features of SHM include the AGY mutation hotspot and a predominance of point mutations.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Phylogenetic distribution suggests shared components between ectotherms and mammals, with independent recruitment of novel factors.
  • Gene conversion shows a patchy phylogenetic distribution, potentially due to shared mechanistic requirements with SHM.

    • Conclusions:

    • SHM and gene conversion share common features, including transcription-dependence.
    • A proposed model involves stalled replication forks colliding with transcription complexes, recruiting specific DNA repair pathways.
    • The degree of V gene homology may influence the recruitment of either SHM or gene conversion pathways.