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Related Experiment Videos

Ethene oxide and bone induction. Controversy remains

P Aspenberg1, S B Lindqvist

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, Lund University Hospital, Sweden. P.Aspenberg@ort.lu.se

Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica
|May 29, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Ethylene oxide (EO) sterilization impairs bone-inducing capacity, especially in bulk demineralized bone matrix (DBM) implants, by hindering cell penetration. DBM powder shows reduced but retained osteoinductive properties after EO sterilization.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sterilization Technologies

Background:

  • Ethylene oxide (EO) sterilization's effect on demineralized bone matrix (DBM) osteoinductivity is debated.
  • Studies conflict, with some showing EO destroys bone induction and others showing purified proteins resist it.
  • Differences in DBM preparation (non-pulverized vs. powder) may explain conflicting results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of ethylene oxide (EO) sterilization on the osteoinductive capacity of demineralized cortical bone and DBM powder.
  • To determine if EO sterilization affects cell penetration into bone implants.
  • To resolve controversy regarding EO's effect on DBM bone-inducing properties.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of EO-sterilized and unsterilized allogeneic demineralized cortical bone pieces and DBM powder in a rat model.

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  • Assessment of bone formation (calcium content) as a measure of osteoinductivity.
  • Analysis of residual EO and byproducts, and evaluation of humidity's effect during sterilization.

    • Main Results:

    • EO sterilization completely eliminated the bone-inducing capacity of demineralized cortical bone pieces.
    • DBM powder showed a significant reduction (up to 75%) in bone yield after EO sterilization compared to unsterilized controls.
    • Residual EO levels were below approved safety limits; humidification during sterilization halved bone yield.

    Conclusions:

    • Ethylene oxide sterilization can impair the biological performance of bone inductive implants by reducing cell penetration into bulk materials.
    • DBM powder, while less affected than cortical pieces, also exhibits reduced bone yield after proper EO sterilization.
    • The physical form of DBM (powder vs. bulk) is critical in determining the impact of EO sterilization on its osteoinductive capacity.