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Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
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The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
11:39

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Published on: July 11, 2013

A practical guide to topical therapy in children

C C Long1, C M Mills, A Y Finlay

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, U.K.

The British Journal of Dermatology
|May 29, 1998
PubMed
Summary

New guidelines help determine topical corticosteroid amounts for children with eczema. The fingertip unit (FTU) method accurately predicts required medication, simplifying treatment for parents and healthcare providers.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dermatology
  • Dermatological Therapeutics

Background:

  • Parents often struggle with appropriate topical therapy application for pediatric skin conditions.
  • Uncertainty exists regarding the precise quantity of topical corticosteroids for children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop simple, accurate guidelines for topical therapy in children.
  • To validate these guidelines in clinical practice for pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Guidelines based on adult fingertip unit (FTU), 'rule of 9s', and pediatric growth charts.
  • Recruitment of 24 children with atopic eczema (6 months to 9 years).
  • Calculation and comparison of predicted versus actual FTUs for topical application.

Main Results:

  • No child required more FTUs than predicted by the guidelines.
  • Predictions for each anatomical region were accurate within 1 FTU.
  • The developed guidelines accurately indicated the required amount of topical therapy.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed guidelines offer a reliable method for determining topical therapy dosage in children.
  • Advice sheets have been created to support age-appropriate application for pediatric patients.